To be present form past form Lesson 1 Present form of the verb to be The affirmative I am          eu sou, eu estou You are     você é, está He is         ele é, está. She is       ela é, está It is           ele é, ela é, está - para objetos We are      nós somos, estamos You are     vocês são, estão They are    eles, elas são, estão The negative I am not - I'm not You are not - you're not, you aren't He is not - he's not, he isn't She is not - she's not, she isn't It is not - it's not, it isn't We are not - we're not, we aren't You are not - you're not, you aren't They are not - they're not they aren't The interrogative Am I? Are you? Is he? Is she? Is it? Are we? Are you? Are they? exercises Past form of the verb to be The affirmative I was - eu estava, eu era You were He was She was It was We were You were They were The negative I was not - I wasn't You were not - you weren't He was not - he wasn't She was not - she wasn't It was not - it wasn't We were not - we weren't You were not - we weren't They were not - they weren't The interrogative Was I? Were you? Was he? Was she? Was it? Were we? Were you? Were they? Vá para Lesson 2: do ______________________________________________________________________________________ Further information about the verb to be (nível avançado - verbo auxiliar) 1 used with a present participle to form the continuous tenses of the verbs: be doing something: Don't disturb me while I am working. Gemma was reading when her son called. They've been asking a lot of questions. He's always causing trouble. 2 used with past participles to form the passive: Smoking is not permitted. I was told about it yesterday. The house is being painted. She has been invited to the party. The flames could be seen several miles away. The police should have been informed about this. 3 used to give an order or tell someone about a rule: All guests are to vacate their rooms by 10 am on the day of their departure. The children are to be in bed when we get home. 4 used to show arrangements for the future: Audry and Jimmy are to be married in June. We were to have gone away last week but I wasill. I'll be leaving in about half an hour. 5 used to show what someone should do or what should happen: What am I to tell her (=what should I tell her?) when she finds out? He is more to be (=should be more) pitied than blamed. 6 used to show what cannot or could not happen: We searched everywhere but the ring was nowhere to be found. 7 used to show what had to happen or what did happen: This discovery was to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease. 8 used in conditional sentences that describe a situation that does not or could not exist: If I were to do that what would you say? Were we to offer you the job would you take it? 9 - old use - used instead of 'have' to form the perfect tenses of some verbs: Christ is risen (=has risen) from the deat. More about be 1 used to show that someone or something is the same as the subject: It's me. | Lack of money is our biggest problem. | If I were you, I shouldn't do it. | the problem/difficulty etc is doing sth: The problem is explaining it to her in a tactful way. | the problem/difficulty etc is to do sth: The difficulty is to know what to do for the best. | the fact/idea etc is (that): The fact is that you know too much. 2 used to show position or time: Where is Simon? | Jane's upstairs. | The principal's in his office. | How long has she been here? | The book is on the table. | The concert was last night. | The party is on Saturday. 3 used to show that someone or something belongs to a group or has a particular quality: Snow is white. | Horses are animals. | She wants to be a doctor when she leaves school. | These shoes are mine. | We were hungry. | I'm not ready. | Be careful! | It's hot today. | A knife is for cutting with. 4 used in short phrases and questions: It's cold isn't it? | He isn't leaving, is he? | “That's not your coat!” “Yes it is!” 5 used after `there' to show that something exists: There's a hole in your trousers. 6 be that as it may formal used to say that even though you accept that something is true it does not change a situation: “James has been under a lot of pressure at work recently.” “Be that as it may, he ought to spend time with his family.” 7 to exist: That's just how it is. 8 to remain in the same state or stay calm: If the baby's sleeping let her be. 9 let/leave sth be to let a situation remain as it is without trying to change it: You just have to let some things be. 10 the be-all and end all the most important part of a situation or of someone's life: For Jim making money is the be-all and end all of his job. home